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Mestrado – Dissertation – Tabelas, Figuras e Gráficos – Tables, Figures and Graphics
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CARCINÓGENO DMBA EM MODELOS EXPERIMENTAIS
Avaliação da influência da atividade física aeróbia e anaeróbia na progressão do câncer de pulmão experimental – Summary – ResumoMestrado – Dissertation – Tabelas, Figuras e Gráficos – Tables, Figures and GraphicsBaixarRedefine Statistical SignificanceBaixar
´´We propose to change the default P-value threshold for statistical significance from 0.05 to 0.005 for claims of new discoveries.´´ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-017-0189-z Published: Daniel J. Benjamin, James O. Berger, […]Valen E. Johnson Nature Human Behaviour volume 2, pages6–10 (2018)
Um mundo além de p < 0,05 « Sandra Merlo – Fonoaudiologia da Fluência
Observação/Note: I won a scholarship by FAPEMIG during the period of ´´my´´ monograph in Uberaba. Ganhei bolsa de estudo pela FAPEMIG durante o período da ´´minha´´ monografia em Uberaba. During the period that I participated of ´´my´´ dissertation at FAMERP, I didn’t win a scholarship. Já durante o mestrado que fiz na FAMERP, não ganhei bolsa de estudo.
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´´Possui graduação em Ciências Biológicas Mod Biologia pela Universidade Federal do Pará (2004) e Mestrado em Genética e Biologia Molecular pela Universidade Federal do Pará (2006). Doutorado pela Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.Tem experiência na área de Genética, com ênfase em Genética Humana e Médica, atuando principalmente em surdez genética.´´
Acta Inform Med. 2013; 21(3): 148–155.Published online 2013 Sep. doi: 10.5455/aim.2013.21.148-155PMCID: PMC3804522PMID: 24167381
The Importance of Proper Citation of References in Biomedical Articles
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Big Chronology of Life on Earth
Big Chronology of Life on Earth
by Lifeboat Foundation Advisory Board member José Luis Cordeiro.
“Two possibilities exist: Either we are alone in the universe or we are not, both are equally terrifying.”
Sir Arthur C. Clarke, 1962
“Live long and prosper.
yIn nI’ yISIQ ‘ej yIchep (Klingon pronunciation).
dif-tor heh smusma (Vulcan pronunciation).”
Commander Spock from Vulcan in the Spaceship USS Enterprise, 2260
José Luis Cordeiro
Overview
To put into perspective a complete chronology and evolution of life on our tiny planet Earth, I summarize here what I consider the most relevant information from the very distant past to our immediate future. The objective is to reach a better understanding about the long-term evolution of life, including the power of exponential changes.
Big History is a new discipline that allows us to analyze with a multidisciplinary focus the way events follow each other throughout time. Starting with a huge time scale from the faraway past to the present, we can see that there is an acceleration of the speed of changes, that should continue now thanks to exponential technologies. My great futurist friend Ray Kurzweil, in his best-seller The Singularity is Near, does a good job explaining the acceleration of these changes, and that is why I use some of his predictions to the end of the 21st Century.
Interested readers are invited to contact me directly to continue making this chronology better in the future. All comments are more than welcome, and you can find more information about my book (with my great British co-author David Wood) here.
Formation of the Moon
Millions of years ago (Ma) | ||
~13,800 Ma | Big Bang and formation of the known Universe | |
~12,500 Ma | Milky Way Galaxy formation | |
~4,600 Ma | Solar System formation | |
~4,500 Ma | Earth formation | |
~4,300 Ma | First water concentration on Earth | |
~4,000 Ma | First unicellular life (prokaryotes without cellular nucleus) | |
~4,000 Ma | LUCA, our Last Universal Common Ancestor, was born | |
~3,500 Ma | Oxygen concentration rises on Earth atmosphere | |
~3,000 Ma | First photosynthesis in simple unicellular organisms | |
~2,000 Ma | Evolution of unicellular prokaryotes (without nucleus) into eukaryotes (with nucleus) | |
~1,500 Ma | First multicellular eukaryote organisms | |
~1,200 Ma | First sexual reproduction (germinal and somatic cells appear) | |
~600 Ma | First invertebrate marine animals | |
~540 Ma | Cambrian explosion and appearance of multiple species | |
~520 Ma | First vertebrate marine animals | |
~440 Ma | Evolution from marine life to terrestrial life (first plants on dry land) | |
~360 Ma | First terrestrial plants with seeds, and first crabs | |
~300 Ma | First reptiles | |
~250 Ma | First dinosaurs | |
~200 Ma | First mammals, and first birds | |
~130 Ma | First angiosperm plants (with flowers) | |
~65 Ma | Extinction of dinosaurs and development of primate | |
~15 Ma | Hominidae family (big primates) appears | |
~3.5 Ma | First tools made of stone | |
~2.5 Ma | Homo gender appears | |
~1.5 Ma | First use of fire | |
~0.8 Ma | First time cooking was used | |
~0.5 Ma | First time clothes were used | |
~0.2 Ma | Homo sapiens species appears | |
~0.1 Ma | Homo sapiens sapiens comes out of Africa and starts colonizing planet Earth | |
Lascaux Cave Paintings
Thousands of years ago | ||
< 40,000 BC | Rock paintings appear, symbols of deities, fertility, and death | |
< 20,000 BC | Lighter skin evolution due to migration to regions with less solar exposure | |
< 5,000 BC | Neolithic proto-writing appears | |
< 4,000 BC | Possible invention of the wheel in Mesopotamia | |
< 3,500 BC | Egyptians invent hieroglyphs and Sumerians cuneiform writing | |
< 3,300 BC | Documented use of herbology and physiotherapy in China and Egypt | |
< 3,000 BC | Papyrus was invented in Egypt and clay tablets were invented in Mesopotamia | |
< 2,800 BC | Chinese emperor Shennong compiles a text with acupuncture techniques | |
< 2.600 BC | Imhotep, priest and doctor, is considered the God of Medicine in Egypt | |
< 2,500 BC | Documented use of Ayurveda medicine in India | |
< 2,000 BC | The Code of Hammurabi establishes rules to exercise medicine in Babylon | |
650 BC | Assurbanipal compiles 800 tablets about medicine in the library of Nineveh | |
450 BC | Xenophanes of Colophon examines fossils and speculates about the evolution of life | |
420 BC | Hippocrates writes the Hippocratic Treaties and creates the Hippocratic oath | |
350 BC | Aristotle writes about evolutionary biology and tries to classify animals | |
300 BC | Herophilos of Chalcedon makes medical dissections on humans | |
100 BC | Asclepiades of Bithynia imports Greek medicine to Rome and funds the Methodic School | |
Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders)
First millennium AD | ||
180 AD | Greek doctor Galen of Pergamon studies the connection between paralysis and the spinal cord | |
219 AD | Zhang Zhongjing publishes the Shanghan Lun (Treatise on Cold Damage Disorders) in China | |
250 AD | Foundation of a school of tribal medicine in Monte Alban, Mexico | |
390 AD | Oribasius of Pergamon compiles the Medical Collections in Constantinople | |
400 AD | First Christian hospital founded by Saint Fabiola in Rome | |
630 AD | Isidore of Seville compiles his great work The Etymologies | |
870 AD | Persian doctor Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari writes a medical encyclopedia in Arab | |
910 AD | Persian doctor Rasis identifies the difference between smallpox and measles | |
Benjamin Franklin wrote about curing aging and human preservation
1000 – 1799 AD | ||
1030 | Persian polymath Avicenna writes the Canon of Medicine that would be used until the 18th Century | |
1204 | Pope Innocent III organizes the first Holy Spirit hospital in Rome | |
1403 | Quarantine against the Black Death pandemic in Venice (after already killing millions in Europe) | |
1541 | Swiss doctor Paracelsus made great progress in medicine (surgery and toxicology) | |
1553 | Spanish doctor Miguel Servet studies pulmonary circulation (and burnt at the stake for heresy) | |
1590 | Microscope is invented in the Netherlands and makes medicine move forward faster | |
1665 | English scientist Robert Hooke uses the microscope to identify cells (and popularizes that name) | |
1675 | Dutch scientist Anton van Leeuwenhoek starts microbiology with microscopes | |
1774 | English scientist Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen and starts modern chemistry | |
1780 | US polymath Benjamin Franklin writes about curing aging and human preservation | |
1796 | English doctor Edward Jenner develops the first effective vaccine against smallpox | |
1798 | English scholar Thomas Malthus argues about food production and human overpopulation | |
High fashion when the world population hit one billion people in 1804
1800 – 1899 AD | ||
1804 | Global population reaches 1,000,000,000 people | |
1804 | French doctor René Laennec invents the stethoscope | |
1809 | French scientist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck proposes the first theory of evolution | |
1818 | English doctor James Blundell performs the first successful blood transfusion | |
1828 | German scientist Christian Ehrenberg coins the word bacterium (“cane” in Greek) | |
1842 | US doctor Crawford Long accomplishes the first surgery with anesthesia | |
1858 | German doctor Rudolf Virchow publishes his cell theory | |
1859 | English scientist Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection in London | |
1865 | Austrian monk Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of genetics | |
1869 | Swiss doctor Friedrich Miescher identifies DNA for the first time | |
1870 | Scientists Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch publish the microbial theory of infections | |
1882 | French scientist Louis Pasteur develops a vaccine against rabies | |
1890 | Walter Flemming and others describe the chromosome distribution during cellular division | |
1892 | German biologist August Weismann proposes the “immortality” of germ cells | |
1895 | German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovers X-rays and their medical uses | |
1896 | French physicist Antoine Henri Becquerel discovers radioactivity | |
1898 | Dutch scientist Martinus Beijerinck discovers the first virus and starts virology | |
1900 – 1959 AD | ||
1905 | English biologist William Bateson coins the term genetics | |
1906 | English scientist Frederick Hopkins describes vitamins and associated illnesses | |
1906 | German doctor Alois Alzheimer describes the disease named after him | |
1906 | Santiago Ramón y Cajal receives the Nobel Prize for his studies about the nervous system | |
1911 | Thomas Hunt Morgan demonstrates that genes reside in chromosomes | |
1922 | Russian scientist Aleksandr Oparin proposes a theory about the origin of life on Earth | |
1925 | French biologist Edouard Chatton coins the words prokaryote and eukaryote | |
1927 | Global population reaches 2,000,000,000 people | |
1927 | First vaccines against tetanus and tuberculosis | |
1928 | English scientist Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin (first antibiotic) | |
1933 | Polish scientist Tadeus Reichstein synthesizes the first vitamin (vitamin C, ascorbic acid) | |
1934 | Scientists working at Cornell University discover caloric restriction for life extension in mice | |
1938 | A coelacanth (considered a “living fossil”) was fished in the south of Africa | |
1950 | First synthetic antibiotic is developed | |
1951 | Artificial insemination of cattle starts with cryopreserved semen | |
1951 | HeLa (Henrietta Lacks) cancer cells are discovered to be “biologically immortal” | |
1952 | US doctor Jonas Salk develops a vaccine against poliomyelitis | |
1952 | US chemist Stanley Miller experiments about the origin of life | |
1952 | First cloning experiments with frog eggs are made | |
1953 | Scientists James D. Watson and Francis Crick demonstrate DNA’s double helix structure | |
1954 | US doctor Joseph Murray transplants the first human kidney | |
1958 | US doctor Jack Steele coins the word bionic | |
1959 | Global population reaches 3,000,000,000 people | |
1959 | Spanish scientist Severo Ochoa receives the Nobel Prize for his work about DNA and RNA | |
World Population hit 6 billion in 1999 (Prince 1999 video)
1960 – 1999 AD | ||
1961 | Spanish biochemist Joan Oró advances his theories about the origin of life | |
1961 | US scientist Leonard Hayflick discovers a limit on cellular division | |
1967 | US academic James Bedford becomes the first patient in cryopreservation | |
1967 | South African doctor Christiaan Barnard makes the first human heart transplant | |
1972 | Discovery that the DNA composition in humans and gorillas is almost 99% similar | |
1974 | Global population reaches 4,000,000,000 people | |
1975 | Different scientists finally discover the telomeres (first considered in 1933) | |
1978 | First human being is born thanks to artificial insemination (Louise Brown in England) | |
1978 | Stem cells discovered in the blood of an umbilical cord | |
1980 | World Health Organization declares smallpox officially eradicated worldwide | |
1981 | First stem cells (from mice) developed “in vitro” | |
1982 | Humulin (drug for diabetes) is the first biotech product approved by the FDA | |
1985 | Australian-American biologist Elizabeth Blackburn identifies the telomerase enzyme | |
1986 | HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is identified as the cause of AIDS | |
1987 | Global population reaches 5,000,000,000 people | |
1990 | Human Genome Project starts as a great effort lead by several governments | |
1990 | First gene therapy is approved to treat an immune disorder | |
1990 | FDA approves the first genetically modified organism (Flavr Savr tomato) | |
1993 | US biologist Cynthia Kenyon increases several times the lifespan of C. elegans | |
1995 | US scientist Caleb Finch describes negligible senescence in some animals | |
1996 | Scottish scientist Ian Wilmut clones Dolly, first cloned mammal (a sheep) | |
1998 | First embryonic stem cells isolated in young human embryos | |
1999 | Global population reaches 6,000,000,000 people | |
2000 – 2019 AD | ||
2001 | US scientist Craig Venter announces his sequence of the human genome (based on his own) | |
2002 | First artificial virus (polio virus) is completely created by scientists | |
2003 | Human Genome Project ends officially, with both public and private participation and projects | |
2003 | English scientist Aubrey de Grey and his colleagues create the Methuselah Foundation | |
2004 | SARS epidemy is contained a year after its start (genome sequenced in days) | |
2006 | Japanese scientist Shinya Yamanaka generates induced pluripotent stem cells in Kyoto | |
2008 | Spanish biologist María Blasco announces the life extension of mice at CNIO in Madrid | |
2009 | English scientist Aubrey de Grey and his colleagues create the SENS Research Foundation | |
2009 | Nobel Prize on Physiology and Medicine for studies on telomeres and telomerase | |
2010s | First Bridge towards indefinite lifespans using current technologies (Ray Kurzweil) | |
2010 | US scientist Craig Venter announces the creation of the first artificial bacterium (Synthia) | |
2010 | Nobel Prize on Physiology and Medicine for the development of in vitro fertilization | |
2011 | Global population reaches 7,000,000,000 people | |
2011 | French researches achieve the rejuvenation of human cells “in vitro” | |
2012 | Nobel Prize on Physiology and Medicine for cloning and cell reprogramming (pluripotent cells) | |
2013 | First rat kidney produced “in vitro” in the USA | |
2013 | First human liver produced with stem cells in Japan | |
2013 | Google announces the creation of Calico (California Life Company) to cure aging | |
2014 | IBM expands the use of its intelligent medical system called Doctor Watson | |
2014 | Korean-American doctor Joon Yun creates the Palo Alto Longevity Prize | |
2015 | First experimental vaccine against the virus of Ebola hemorrhagic fever | |
2016 | Facebook chairman Mark Zuckerberg announces that it will be possible to cure “all diseases” | |
2016 | Microsoft scientists announce that they should be able to cure cancer within 10 years | |
2017 | Spanish scientist Juan Carlos Izpisúa announces that he has been able to rejuvenate mice 40% | |
2018 | First commercial treatment with gene therapy using CRISPR | |
2018 | Birth of first CRISPR babies to avoid HIV infections in China | |
2019 | FDA approval of the first senolytics treatments for life extension | |
Our Ray Kurzweil predicts that an AI will pass the Turing test in 2029
2020 AD – 2029 AD (some possibilities) | ||
2020s | Second Bridge towards indefinite lifespans using biotechnology (Ray Kurzweil) | |
2020s | Worldwide eradication of poliomyelitis | |
2020s | Worldwide eradication of measles | |
2020s | Vaccine against malaria | |
2020s | Vaccine against HIV | |
2020s | Cure for the majority of cancers | |
2020s | Cure for Parkinson’s disease | |
2020s | 3D bioprinting of simple human organs | |
2020s | Commercial cloning of human organs with own cells from patients | |
2020s | Beginning of commercial rejuvenation treatments with stem cells and telomerase | |
2020s | AI and robot doctors complement and supplement human doctors | |
2020s | Telemedicine spreads worldwide | |
2020s | First manned trips to Mars (Elon Musk) | |
2025 | Molecular assemblers (nanotechnology) are possible (Ray Kurzweil) | |
2023 | Global population reaches 8,000,000,000 people according to the United Nations | |
2026 | Global population reaches 8,000,000,000 people according to the US Census Bureau | |
2029 | Longevity escape velocity is reached (Ray Kurzweil) | |
2029 | An advanced AI finally passes Alan Turing’s test (Ray Kurzweil) | |
Ray Kurzweil predicts that cryopreserved patients will be reanimated in the 2050s
After 2030 AD (more possibilities) | ||
2030s | Third Bridge towards indefinite lifespans using nanotechnology (Ray Kurzweil) | |
2030s | Cure for Alzheimer’s disease | |
2030s | Worldwide eradication of malaria | |
2030s | Worldwide eradication of HIV | |
2030s | Consolidation of the first human colony in Mars (Elon Musk) | |
2037 | Global population reaches 9,000,000,000 people according to the United Nations | |
2039 | Mental transfer from brain to brain becomes possible (Ray Kurzweil) | |
2040s | Fourth Bridge towards indefinite lifespans and immortality using AI (Ray Kurzweil) | |
2040s | Interplanetary Internet connects to Earth, Moon, Mars, and spaceships | |
2042 | Global population reaches 9,000,000,000 people according to the US Census Bureau | |
2045 | Aging is cured and death becomes optional (Ray Kurzweil) | |
2045 | The Singularity: AI surpasses all human intelligence (Ray Kurzweil) | |
2049 | Distinction between reality and virtual reality disappears (Ray Kurzweil) | |
2050 | Humanoid robots win English football cup (British Telecom) | |
2050s | First reanimations of cryopreserved patients (Ray Kurzweil) | |
2072 | Picotechnology starts (pico is one thousand times smaller than nano, Ray Kurzweil) | |
2099 | Femtotechnology starts (femto one thousand times smaller than pico, Ray Kurzweil) | |
2099 | Lifespan becomes irrelevant in a world of “amortality” | |
José Luis Cordeiro, MBA, PhD is an international fellow of the World Academy of Art and Science (WAAS), executive director of the Ibero-American Futurists Network (RIBER), director of The Millennium Project, vicechair of HumanityPlus (H+), and former director of the Club of Rome (Venezuela Chapter), the World Transhumanist Association (WTA), and the Extropy Institute (ExI). He has also been invited faculty at prestigious institutions like the Institute of Developing Economies IDE — JETRO in Tokyo, Japan, the Monterrey Institute of Technology in Mexico, Singularity University (SU) at NASA Ames in Silicon Valley, California, the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) and the Higher School of Economics (HSE) in Russia.
José Luis studied engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, MA, economics at Georgetown University in Washington, DC, management at the European Business School INSEAD in Fontainebleau, France, and science at Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB) in Caracas, Venezuela. He is a leading international expert on technological change and future trends. He has published more than 10 books in 5 languages and appeared in programs with the BBC, CNN, Discovery Channel, and History Channel, among many international media interviews. His recent book La muerte de la muerte has become an international best-seller in Spain and Latin America, published by Editorial Planeta in Madrid, Spain, with coauthor David Wood and prologue by Aubrey de Grey. He is a lifetime member of the Sigma Xi (ΣΞ), Tau Beta Pi (ΤΒΠ), and Beta Gamma Sigma (ΒΓΣ) honor societies.
Sections
- Overview
- Millions of years ago
- Thousands of years ago
- First millennium AD
- 1000 – 1799 AD
- 1800 – 1899 AD
- 1900 – 1959 AD
- 1960 – 1999 AD
- 2000 – 2019 AD
- 2020 – 2029 AD
- After 2030 AD
More Reports by José Luis Cordeiro
- A New Renaissance
- The “Energularity”
- Energy 2020: A vision of the future
- The Principles of Extropy: A Quarter Century Later
- Sir Arthur C. Clarke in 3001: Don’t Panic!
- Technological Evolution
- Technology’s Promise: a Book Review
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THE ROLE OF REFERENCING IN SCIENTIFIC WRITING
– The Role of Referencing in Scientific Writing
Scientific writing makes up an integral element within research. Of late, the pace at which findings of a research is communicated through diverse mediums such as thesis, books, conference papers and journal articles has substantially increased with widespread developments in technology and medicine. The findings from these researches are usually perceived as harbingers of development in the academic and scientific domain, driving further research or action. As is the case in any kind of academic writing, scientific writing too warrants the need for adequate references to correlate the findings with experiments conducted in the past or to indicate what researchers have said about a particular phenomenon. As a matter of fact, referencing and bibliography are vital components within a scientific paper. This article is essentially an attempt to highlight the key features, benefits and limitations of most commonly used referencing tools that can greatly improve the efficacy of scientific writing in research.The Objective of Referencing within Scientific WritingReferencing can be considered as a systematic and scientific technique to define a source of data by presenting a set of information that facilitates a particular text to be easily identified, sought and retrieved. Though referencing would specifically refer to information sources that are included within a scientific paper, the detailed list of sources is presented within the bibliography.Statements made by researchers in the past are validated with the help of in-text citations and also allows a link to be created between various studies which helps readers to compare and contrast their results.There are several styles of referencing that have been in use in the medical, scientific and other domains which would include:-
HARVARD REFERENCING STYLESOf course there are other styles of referencing that is used too but the above said three styles of referencing are the most commonly used styles for scientific writing.The Harvard and APA referencing styles would comprise of including the name of the author and the year of publication while the Vancouver style involves the use of numbers to denote a reference.
VANCOUVER REFERENCING STYLESThough the formats and styles might differ, the objective of referencing remains the same and presents the same information.
APA( American Psychological Association)Problems in Managing ReferencesThe most common problems that can arise during referencing is the large variation in categories of referencing which would include, formatting styles, data fields, wide range of materials that comprise of sections from books, whole books, conference papers and proceedings, journal articles, newspaper articles, patents, dissertations and thesis, legal documents, electronic articles etc., which can be used as appropriate data sources that can be cited. Nonetheless, the increased number of diverse fields of data for every single material that can be cited often gives rise to referencing that is incomplete or erroneous. Punctuations, formatting of text pertaining to bold, italics, basic short forms of the name of the journal or the author, listing the reference in chronological or alphabetical order and the format for in-text citations can vary substantially in different styles of referencing. In addition, in the case of Vancouver style referencing, the in-text citation numbers can undergo alteration if there is any addition or deletion in the text content. In view of these aspects, ensuring the correct referencing can be quite a challenge.The SolutionScientific writers today can circumvent these issues by leveraging several referencing tools that are either web-based or non-web based. These tools are automated and can be effectively utilized to distinctly recognize and save the relevant data fields within a reference wherein diverse rules for formatting can be applied to separate elements to match the requirements of diverse referencing styles. The most appropriate referencing software will be built to support various operating systems, facilitate references to be organized and segregated within folders and groups, attach files, import and export diverse file formats, can be easily integrated with common word processers, facilitates connectivity with the database to allow literature search and customize the styles of referencing. There are several referencing software available amongst which the oldest software includes Thomson Reuters’ Reference Manager and EndNote. However, there are other referencing software too which can be effectively utilized. Another option would be to outsource the task of referencing the scientific document to third party organizations such as Medical Writing Experts.How Medical Writing Experts can helpMedical Writing Experts are one such organization that has been active in this domain for over a decade now. Medical Writing Experts not only enables research writers to easily reference their scientific papers but they are also a leading global provider of scientific, clinical and medical communication services to pharmaceutical, biotech, medical device companies and researchers, scholars, academic societies and publishers. We have experience in scientific publications services referencing in accordance to the target journal as well as the regulations and norms set in different countries and different continents. Some of which are, Bulgaria, France, India, Germany, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Italy, Greece, Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Russia, Czech Republic, Israel, SriLanka, Latvia and Lithuania. Scholars and organizations alike can stand to gain immensely by availing the services of Medical Writing Experts.Realted TopicsScientific Writing Servicesclinical research organization servicesmedical writing servicesMedical Device Regulatory Consulting Services
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Thomas Mensah: the pioneer of fiber optics and nanotechnology
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THEODORA AIDOO Mar 12, 2020 at 12:30pm
March 12, 2020 at 12:30 pm | SUCCESS STORY, TECH & INNOVATION
THEODORA AIDOO | Staff Writer
March 12, 2020 at 12:30 pm | SUCCESS STORY, TECH & INNOVATION
Theodora Aidoo is a young woman who is passionate about women-related issues. Her Love: To bring to fore the activities of women making a global impact. This stems from her journalism background from the Nigerian Institute of Journalism and Ghana Institute of Journalism.MOST POPULARRECENT ARTICLES
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Dr. Thomas Mensah, a nanotechnology expert and Ghana’s technology icon, is a pioneer in fiber optics manufacturing and communications systems.
He has contributed immensely to the development of fiber optics and nanotechnology. Fiber-optic communication is the use of light pulses to transmit data through cables from one place to another.
The Ghanaian-American engineer’s contribution to the process of making fiber optic cables has enhanced the cost-efficiency of producing those cables, paving the way for a much greater degree of fiber optics technologies at work in our world.
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Mensah was born in 1950 in Kumasi, Ghana. He could read newspapers and speak French fluently and was the main contact person between his father’s business and french clients. He also won different levels of the National French Contest (Le Grand Concours) between 1968 and 1970.
Whilst in high school, Mensah excelled in science and math and went on to study chemical engineering at the University of Science and Technology, Kumasi in Ghana graduating in 1974.
He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and then studied chemical engineering at the University of Science and Technology at Montpellier, France where he graduated in 1978 with a Ph.D.
Dr. Mensah moved to the United States in 1980 after taking a job as a research engineer with Air Products & Chemicals of Allentown, PA.
Three years later, he joined the engineering team of Corning Glass Works in Corning, NY. He soon discovered that the fragility of the glass fiber-optic wires which the company manufactured caused them to snap easily if the drawing and coating phases of manufacturing fiber optics were configured to produce more than two meters per second of wire.
He discovered a solution that results in the fiber optic wire’s greater durability and increases in production at rates of up to 20 times the previous production speed without breaking.
His groundbreaking discoveries at Corning Glass Works was the beginning of his engineering career.
In 1986, he joined Georgia’s AT&T Bell Laboratories, now known as Bell Labs, where he was able to utilize fiber optics to create a guidance system for missiles that incorporated a small camera that was installed within the missile’s nose.
The images captured by that camera could be delivered to a pilot, giving them a technique for locking onto a target with incredible accuracy.
Reportedly, the fiber optics missile guidance systems were capable of working while traveling at the speed of sound and were utilized in Patriot missiles and other guided weaponry used by the United States in the Gulf War.
In December 1988, Dr. Mensah was part of a team of Corning inventors who were issued U.S. Patent No. 4792347, entitled Method for Coating Optical Waveguide Fiber. The patent protects the method of using carbon dioxide as a purge gas to reduce air entrainment and bubble inclusions in the liquid coating of a glass optical fiber.
Dr. Mensah is also one of two inventors listed on U.S. Patent No. 4636405, issued under the title Curing Apparatus for Coated Fiber.
He holds 14 patents with seven patents in fiber optics technologies over the course of six years.
Some of his inventions include semiconductors designed for space communications, tank gun barrel replacements and solid-state rechargeable cell phone batteries.
Dr. Mensah founded in Norcross, GA, a high tech firm called “Supercond Technologies”, which helped to develop advanced structural materials for American fighter aircraft.
Dr. Mensah is currently the president and director of Georgia Aerospace Systems Manufacturing, which is also focused on research and development in aerospace materials.
Dr. Mensah’s technological exploits have various recognition and award. He earned the Corning Glass Works Industrial Outstanding Contributor Award for Innovation in Fiber Optics, 1985; AT&T Bell Laboratories High-Performance Award, 1988; and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE)’s William Grimes Award for Excellence in Chemical Engineering, 2006.
He got the Kwame Nkrumah African Genius Award in Ghana in 2017, The World Nanotechnology Conference Award in Dubai, 2019, Fellow recognition at the US National Academy of Inventors, Percy Julian Award in the US, AIChE 100 amongst others.
He has also authored five books on innovation including the international textbook “Nanotechnology Commercialization”.
Apart from creating Silicon Valley of Ghana, Dr. Mensah is involved in several high profile infrastructure programmes in the West African country that is aimed at helping Ghana reach 90 percent of its Sustainable Development Goals.
Dr. Mensah has been described as the Imhotep of Modern Times.
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A Saab do Brasil trabalha com os clientes para apoiar o mercado de defesa e segurança da região. Nesta área de mercado, a Saab oferece produtos, serviços e soluções avançados, incluindo aeronaves de combate, sistemas de alerta aéreo, treinamento e simulação, C4I, defesa aérea terrestre e gerenciamento de tráfego aéreo e marítimo. Usando nosso pensamento inovador, colaborativo e pragmático, a Saab é o parceiro regional preferido para a defesa militar e a segurança civil no Brasil.
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Há cerca de 70 anos, a Saab, empresa sueca de Defesa e Segurança, fundada em 1937, mantém relações com o Brasil. O primeiro negócio da companhia no país ocorreu na década de 1950, com a venda de sua primeira aeronave civil, o Saab Scandia. Esse foi o primeiro avião a pousar no Aeroporto de Brasília.
A partir do início da década de 1980, as vendas de produtos militares ocorreram por meio de representantes de vendas e, a desde 2009, a companhia mantém operações estabelecidas no país. Dentre as diversas soluções em uso nas Forças Armadas do Brasil estão o Sistema Míssil de Baixa Altura Telecomandado RBS 70, a arma anticarro AT-4, o canhão sem recuo multipropósito Carl Gustaf, o sistema de Alerta Aéreo Antecipado e Controle Erieye, equipamentos para treinamento e simulação, soluções de Guerra Eletrônica e o caça Gripen E/F.
O Brasil também é usuário de soluções para a segurança civil desenvolvidas pela Saab, como a plataforma de vigilância de superfície compartilhada que está instalada no Aeroporto Internacional Tom Jobim, no Rio de Janeiro, e no Aeroporto Afonso Pena, em Curitiba.
A partir de 2021, a Força Aérea Brasileira receberá as primeiras aeronaves Gripen na Ala 2, em Anápolis. A parceria para o desenvolvimento conjunto e fornecimento de 36 caças Gripen é o maior contrato de exportação da história da Suécia e o programa de transferência de tecnologia, certamente, é um dos mais expressivos globalmente. Com contrato vigente desde 2014, a ampla parceria por conta do programa solidificou a posição da companhia no país e na América Latina.
Atualmente, cerca de 100 funcionários atuam nos escritórios de Brasília, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro; na fábrica de aeroestruturas da Saab, responsável pela montagem do Gripen em São Bernardo do Campo (SP) e na Saab Sensores e Serviços do Brasil, também em São Bernardo do Campo, e no Centro de Projetos e Desenvolvimento do Gripen (GDDN), na planta da Embraer em Gavião Peixoto (SP).
Linha do tempo
1937
Fundação da Saab na Suécia 1950 – Saab fornece primeira aeronave civil para o Brasil, o Saab Scandia
1995
Exército Brasileiro adquire o canhão sem recuo Carl Gustaf e a arma anticarro AT4 (EB 1991 e Marinha 1991 )
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Aeronaves da Força Aérea Brasileira são equipadas com o sistema de Alerta Aéreo Antecipado e Controle Erieye
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Dispositivo de Simulação de Engajamento Tático (DSET), equipamento para treinamento e simulação, começa a ser utilizado pelo Exército Brasileiro
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Início da operação do escritório da Saab em Brasília.
Assinado o Protocolo Adicional de Cooperação em Tecnologia Industrial Altamente Inovadora entre Saab e Brasil.
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Saab é escolhida, junto a um consórcio, para fornecer sistemas de Guerra Eletrônica para o Sistema de Monitoramento de Fronteiras (Sisfron).
Governo Brasileiro escolhe a Saab para fornecer o caça Gripen à FAB.
2014
Saab assina contrato para o fornecimento de caças Gripen ao Brasil.
Saab assina contrato do fornecimento do RBS 70 para o Exército Brasileiro.
2016
RBS 70 é utilizado para a segurança do espaço aéreo durante as Olimpíadas Rio 2016.
Inauguração do Centro de Projetos e Desenvolvimento do Gripen (GDDN), em Gavião Peixoto (SP).
2017
Início da operação do escritório da Saab em São Paulo.
2018
Saab assina contrato com o Exército Brasileiro para fornecimento do RBS 70 NG.
Apresentação da fábrica de aeroestruturas da Saab, em São Bernardo do Campo
2019
Início da operação do escritório da Saab no Rio de Janeiro
2020
Aquisição da Atmos pela Saab, que passa a se chamar Saab Sensores e Serviços do Brasil
Início de produção na fábrica de aeroestruturas da Saab
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O programa Gripen fortalece os laços entre a Suécia e o Brasil. Em conjunto com a indústria local, a Saab está construindo uma parceria estratégica de longo prazo com o Brasil e com a Força Aérea Brasileira.Saiba mais
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A Saab fornece sistemas de ponta para a defesa militar e segurança civil. Temos uma parceria de confiança e compromisso de longo prazo com o Brasil e cooperamos com a indústria local em programas conjuntos para desenvolver soluções avançadas.Conheça nosas Soluções
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Read moreABOUT SAABSaab was founded in 1937 and since then we have come a long way.PRODUCTSFrom peacekeeping operations to real combat scenarios – today’s missions demand the seamless implementation of strategies.
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4MARPRESS RELEASE – REGULATORYSaab publishes its Annual and Sustainability Report 2020Saab’s annual and sustainability report for 2020 is as of today available on the Group’s website at www.saab.com.23FEBNEWSSaab receives order from the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy for Digital TowersSaab has signed a contract with the UK’s Royal Navy to provide a Digital Tower solution at Air Station Culdrose´s satellite airfield at Predannack. 20FEBPRESS RELEASESaab Delivers Third GlobalEyeSaab delivered the third GlobalEye aircraft to the United Arab Emirates on 20 February 2021.11FEBPRESS RELEASE – REGULATORYSaab Year-End Report 2020: Strong order intake and positive cash flowSaab presents the year-end results for 2020.
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Women who changed the world
INSPIRATIONAL WOMEN
Literary mastery, pioneering science, life-saving discoveries and actions for peace and human rights – achievements of women around the world awarded the Nobel Prize.https://www.youtube.com/embed/b8GQchvStyg
Marie Curie
– discovered the elements radium and polonium
Marie Curie is the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize and still the only person to receive the Prize in two different scientific fields. In 1898, she discovered two new elements: radium and polonium. Here’s the story behind the discovery.https://www.youtube.com/embed/lSIa3dgAWAE
Women who changed science: Maria Goeppert Mayer
For most of her career, Maria Goeppert Mayer worked “just for the fun of doing physics,” without pay or status or a tenured position. She was 58 before she became a full professor. And yet she made major contributions to the growing understanding of nuclear physics, including the revelatory nuclear shell model.
Discover her story in a storytelling experience
Discover more
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1986
From bedside to bench
Many Nobel Laureates have often faced times of enormous disruption. Rita Levi-Montalcini faced many challenges on her road to the Nobel Prize. Born in Italy in 1909, her father did not believe in professional careers for women and did not let his daughters enroll at university. But Levi-Montalcini insisted on studying. The long road to the Nobel Prize included having to build a laboratory in her bedroom during World War II.
Watch the documentary ‘Into the fire’
“One wrong step will cost me my life”
In an area of Iraq destroyed by ISIS, Hana Khider leads an all-female team of Yazidi deminers. Their job involves painstakingly searching for booby traps in bombed out buildings and fields, where one wrong move means certain death.
Hana works for the Mines Advisory Group, an organisation which is part of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, a coalition awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997.
The video is available all over the world, apart from in Australia, New Zealand and India.
Nobel Prize conversations
New episode released
“I am going to do one of the world’s best PhDs”
In this new podcast episode Physics Laureate Donna Strickland speaks about her childhood dream of a PhD, dealing with failure, being a woman in science and being awarded the Nobel Prize.
Enjoy a new ‘Nobel Prize Conversation’!
Nobel Laureates share their stories
“I have always loved going to school”
“I have always loved going to school. I was one of those rare kids who was happy to have summer vacation over so I could go back to school. I started this love affair with school at Victory Public School.” In her newly published biography on nobelprize.org, Physics Laureate Donna Strickland shares her fascinating life story.
“I was one of the first”
“I did not set out to be the first female engineer to break into this rarefied territory, but I was one of the first to be given the chance to show what she could do. Only the ninth woman to be hired on the Caltech faculty, I am the first female Nobel Laureate there. Many brilliant women have joined science and engineering faculties in my lifetime, and I predict that many more of the highest recognitions of women’s scientific contributions are coming.” – Chemistry Laureate Frances Arnold in her biography.
Nobel Prize nominations
2021 Nobel Peace Prize nominations
The Norwegian Nobel Committee received 329 candidates for the 2021 Nobel Peace Prize. 95 of these are organizations.
Are the nominations made public?
Did you know that there is no public list of the current year’s nominees for the Peace Prize? The complete list of nominees of any year’s prizes is not disclosed for 50 years. The same goes for all the prize categories. Learn more about the nomination process in a Q&A with Olav Njølstad, Director of the Norwegian Nobel Institute.
Laureates share their thoughts
2019 Physics Laureates: Why I got into science
“I used to break apart stuff just to understand how it works”
James Peebles, Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz were awarded last year’s Nobel Prize in Physics for contributions to our understanding of the evolution of the universe and Earth’s place in the cosmos. Here they tell why they got into science.
Remembering Martin Luther King Jr
“Nonviolence is a powerful and just weapon. Indeed, it is a weapon unique in history, which cuts without wounding and ennobles the man who wields it”
Read Martin Luther King Jr.’s Nobel Lecture.
“Peace is more precious than diamonds or silver or gold”
Martin Luther King Jr. held his acceptance speech in the auditorium of the University of Oslo in Norway on 10 December 1964.
Who nominated Martin Luther King Jr. for a Nobel Prize?
The first nomination arrived to the Norwegian Nobel Committee in January 1963. Not until 2014, the nominators were revealed.
Nobel Minds 2020
Nobel Laureates in discussion
The 2020 Nobel Laureates talk about their research and careers in a unique roundtable discussion, ‘Nobel Minds’, moderated by Cecilia Gralde. They are discussing the theories, discoveries and research behind their awards, and the value of science in dealing with the global pandemic.
Participating Nobel Laureates: Physics laureate Andrea Ghez, Chemistry laureate Emmanuelle Charpentier, Medicine laureate Michael Houghton, Assistant Executive-Director Valerie Guarnieri representing Peace Prize laureate World Food Programme and laureate in Economic Sciences Paul Milgrom.
Nobel Week Dialogue
Nobel Prize Concert 2020
Pianist Igor Levit soloist at the Nobel Prize Concert
The world-renowned pianist Igor Levit performed at the 2020 Nobel Prize Concert on 8 December. At his side, he had conductor Stéphane Denève leading the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra.
Nobel Prizes 2020
Black holes and the Milky Way’s darkest secret
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020 was awarded with one half to Roger Penrose “for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity” and the other half jointly to Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez “for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the centre of our galaxy”.
Genetic scissors: a tool for rewriting the code of life
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 was awarded to Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer A. Doudna “for the development of a method for genome editing”.
Hepatitis – a global threat to human health
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2020 was awarded jointly to Harvey J. Alter, Michael Houghton and Charles M. Rice “for the discovery of Hepatitis C virus”.
A prominent poet in American contemporary literature
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2020 was awarded to the American poet Louise Glück “for her unmistakable poetic voice that with austere beauty makes individual existence universal”.
Combatting the threat of hunger
The Nobel Peace Prize 2020 was awarded to the World Food Programme (WFP) for its efforts to combat hunger, for its contribution to bettering conditions for peace in conflict-affected areas and for acting as a driving force in efforts to prevent the use of hunger as a weapon of war and conflict.
The quest for the perfect auction
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2020 was awarded to Paul R. Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson “for improvements to auction theory and inventions of new auction formats”.
Nobel Prize Lessons
Easy to use lessons about the 2020 Nobel Prizes
From genetic editing to combatting world hunger. An unmistakable poetic voice to black holes. New treatments for hepatitis C to the quest for the perfect auction. Now you can bring the discoveries and achievements made by the 2020 Nobel Laureates into the classroom.
The lessons are free and so easy to use that a teacher can look through the manual, watch the slides, print the texts for students and then start the class.
Coming up
Nobel Prize DialogueTHE FUTURE OF WORKPretoria, South Africa, 18 May 2021Find out more
Alfred Nobel – Established the Nobel Prize
Alfred Nobel’s last will
On 27 November 1895, Alfred Nobel signed his last will in Paris, France. The Swedish dynamite millionaire, who thought that his invention would end all wars, had now realised that it was a very deadly product. Wanting to make amends, he did what no man of such wealth had done before …
The very first Nobel Prizes
On 10 December 1901 the first Nobel Prizes were awarded, in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace. Read more about the first prizes.
Alfred Nobel – scientist and inventor
Chemist, engineer and industrialist Alfred Nobel left 31 million SEK (today about 265 million dollar) to fund the Nobel Prizes. Read more about his life and work.
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Nobel destinations
Stockholm, Sweden
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In memoriam
Paul J. Crutzen, 1933-2021
Chemistry Laureate Paul J. Crutzen passed away on 28 January. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for work in atmospheric chemistry, a work that led to extensive limitations on the release of ozone-damaging substances.
Physics Laureate Martinus J.G. Veltman dies
Martinus J.G. Veltman, was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics for contributions concerning electromagnetic and weak interactions of the building blocks of matter. He passed away on 4 January at age 89.
Jack Steinberger passes away aged 99
Physicist Jack Steinberger passed away on 12 December. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1988 after managing to create a beam of neutrinos using a high-energy accelerator.
Masatoshi Koshiba dies age 94
Masatoshi Koshiba passed away on 12 November. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 2002 “for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos.”
About the Nobel Prize organisation
The Nobel Foundation
Tasked with a mission to manage Alfred Nobel’s fortune and has ultimate responsibility for fulfilling the intentions of Nobel’s will.
The prize-awarding institutions
For more than a century, these academic institutions have worked independently to select Nobel Laureates in each prize category.
Nobel Prize outreach activities
Several outreach organisations and activities have been developed to inspire generations and disseminate knowledge about the Nobel Prize.
Join us
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
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AAAS logo | |
Abbreviation | AAAS |
---|---|
Pronunciation | Triple-A S |
Founded | September 20, 1848 (172 years ago) |
Focus | Science education and outreach |
Location | William T. Golden Center for Science and Engineering Washington, DC |
Members | more than 120,000 |
Website | AAAS.org |
Formerly called | Association of American Geologists and Naturalists |
Washington, D.C., office of the AAAS
The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) is an American international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the betterment of all humanity.[1] It is the world’s largest general scientific society, with over 120,000 members,[2] and is the publisher of the well-known scientific journal Science.
Contents
- 1History
- 2Sciences
- 3Governance
- 4AAAS Fellows
- 5Meetings
- 6Awards and fellowships
- 7Publications
- 8EurekAlert!
- 9See also
- 10References
- 11External links
History[edit]
Creation[edit]
The American Association for the Advancement of Science was created on September 20, 1848, at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was a reformation of the Association of American Geologists and Naturalists.[3] The society chose William Charles Redfield as their first president[4] because he had proposed the most comprehensive plans for the organization. According to the first constitution which was agreed to at the September 20 meeting, the goal of the society was to promote scientific dialogue in order to allow for greater scientific collaboration.[5] By doing so the association aimed to use resources to conduct science with increased efficiency and allow for scientific progress at a greater rate.[6] The association also sought to increase the resources available to the scientific community through active advocacy of science. There were only 78 members when the AAAS was formed.[7] As a member of the new scientific body, Matthew Fontaine Maury, USN was one of those who attended the first 1848 meeting.[8]
At a meeting held on Friday afternoon, September 22, 1848, Redfield presided, and Matthew Fontaine Maury gave a full scientific report on his Wind and Current Charts. Maury stated that hundreds of ship navigators were now sending abstract logs of their voyages to the United States Naval Observatory. He added, “Never before was such a corps of observers known.”[7] But, he pointed out to his fellow scientists, his critical need was for more “simultaneous observations.” “The work,” Maury stated, “is not exclusively for the benefit of any nation or age.” The minutes of the AAAS meeting reveal that because of the universality of this “view on the subject, it was suggested whether the states of Christendom might not be induced to cooperate with their Navies in the undertaking; at least so far as to cause abstracts of their log-books and sea journals to be furnished to Matthew F. Maury, USN, at the Naval Observatory at Washington.”
William Barton Rogers, professor at the University of Virginia and later founder of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, offered a resolution: “Resolved that a Committee of five be appointed to address a memorial to the Secretary of the Navy, requesting his further aid in procuring for Matthew Maury the use of the observations of European and other foreign navigators, for the extension and perfecting of his charts of winds and currents.” The resolution was adopted and, in addition to Rogers, the following members of the association were appointed to the committee: Professor Joseph Henry of Washington; Professor Benjamin Peirce of Cambridge, Massachusetts; Professor James H. Coffin of Easton, Pennsylvania, and Professor Stephen Alexander of Princeton, New Jersey.[9] This was scientific cooperation, and Maury went back to Washington with great hopes for the future.
In 1850, the first female members were accepted, they were: astronomer Maria Mitchell, entomologist Margaretta Morris, and science educator Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps.
Growth and Civil War dormancy[edit]
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By 1860, membership increased to over 2,000. The AAAS became dormant during the American Civil War; their August 1861 meeting in Nashville, Tennessee, was postponed indefinitely after the outbreak of the first major engagement of the war at Bull Run. The AAAS did not become a permanent casualty of the war.
In 1866, Frederick Barnard presided over the first meeting of the resurrected AAAS at a meeting in New York City. Following the revival of the AAAS, the group had considerable growth. The AAAS permitted all people, regardless of scientific credentials, to join. The AAAS did, however, institute a policy of granting the title of “Fellow of the AAAS” to well-respected scientists within the organization. The years of peace brought the development and expansion of other scientific-oriented groups. The AAAS’s focus on the unification of many fields of science under a single organization was in contrast to the many new science organizations founded to promote a single discipline. For example, the American Chemical Society, founded in 1876, promotes chemistry.
In 1863, the US Congress established the National Academy of Sciences, another multidisciplinary sciences organization. It elects members based on recommendations from colleagues and the value of published works.
Advocacy[edit]
Alan I. Leshner, AAAS CEO from 2001 until 2015, published many op-ed articles discussing how many people integrate science and religion in their lives. He has opposed the insertion of non-scientific content, such as creationism or intelligent design, into the scientific curriculum of schools.[10][11][12][13]
In December 2006, the AAAS adopted an official statement on climate change, in which they stated, “The scientific evidence is clear: global climate change caused by human activities is occurring now, and it is a growing threat to society….The pace of change and the evidence of harm have increased markedly over the last five years. The time to control greenhouse gas emissions is now.”[14]
In February 2007, the AAAS used satellite images to document human rights abuses in Burma.[15] The next year, AAAS launched the Center for Science Diplomacy to advance both science and the broader relationships among partner countries, by promoting science diplomacy and international scientific cooperation.[16]
In 2012, AAAS published op-eds,[17] held events on Capitol Hill and released analyses of the U.S. federal research-and-development budget, to warn that a budget sequestration would have severe consequences for scientific progress.[18][19]
Sciences[edit]
AAAS covers various areas [20] of sciences and engineering. It has twelve sections, each with a committee and its chair. These committees are also entrusted with the annual evaluation and selection of Fellows (see: Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science). The sections are:
- Astronomy
- Engineering
- Anthropology
- Education
- Medical Sciences
- Biological Sciences
- Industrial Science and Technology
- Geology and Geography
- History and Philosophy of Science
- Agriculture, Food & Renewable Resources
- Linguistics and Language Sciences
- General Interest in Science and Engineering
Governance[edit]
AAAS officers and senior officials in 1947. Left to right, standing: Sinnott, Baitsell, Payne, Lark-Horovitz, Miles, Stakman, sitting: Carlson, Mather, Moulton, Shapley.
The most recent Constitution of the AAAS, enacted on January 1, 1973, establishes that the governance of the AAAS is accomplished through four entities: a President, a group of administrative officers, a Council, and a Board of Directors.
Presidents[edit]
Main article: President of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Individuals elected to the presidency of the AAAS hold a three-year term in a unique way. The first year is spent as President-elect, the second as President and the third as Chairperson of the Board of Directors. In accordance with the convention followed by the AAAS, presidents are referenced by the year in which they left office.
Geraldine Richmond is the President of AAAS for 2015–16; Phillip Sharp is the Board Chair; and Barbara A. Schaal is the President-Elect.[21] Each took office on the last day of the 2015 AAAS Annual Meeting in February 2015.[22][23] On the last day of the 2016 AAAS Annual Meeting, February 15, 2016,[24] Richmond will become the Chair, Schaal will become the President, and a new President-Elect will take office.
Past presidents of AAAS have included some of the most important scientific figures of their time. Among them: explorer and geologist John Wesley Powell (1888); astronomer and physicist Edward Charles Pickering (1912); anthropologist Margaret Mead (1975); and biologist Stephen Jay Gould (2000).
Notable Presidents of the AAAS, 1848–2005
- 1849: Joseph Henry
- 1871: Asa Gray
- 1877: Simon Newcomb
- 1880: Joseph Lovering
- 1882: J. William Dawson
- 1886: Edward S. Morse
- 1887: Samuel P. Langley
- 1888: John Wesley Powell
- 1927: Arthur Amos Noyes
- 1929: Robert A. Millikan
- 1931: Franz Boas
- 1934: Edward L. Thorndike
- 1942: Arthur H. Compton
- 1947: Harlow Shapley
- 1951: Kirtley F. Mather
- 1972: Glenn T. Seaborg
- 1975: Margaret Mead
- 1992: Leon M. Lederman
- 2000: Stephen Jay Gould
Administrative officers[edit]
There are three classifications of high-level administrative officials that execute the basic, daily functions of the AAAS. These are the executive officer, the treasurer and then each of the AAAS’s section secretaries. The current CEO of AAAS and executive publisher of Science magazine is Rush D. Holt.[25]
Sections of the AAAS[edit]
The AAAS has 24 “sections” with each section being responsible for a particular concern of the AAAS. There are sections for agriculture, anthropology, astronomy, atmospheric science, biological science, chemistry, dentistry, education, engineering, general interest in science and engineering, geology and geography, the history and philosophy of science, technology, computer science, linguistics, mathematics, medical science, neuroscience, pharmaceutical science, physics, psychology, science and human rights, social and political science, the social impact of science and engineering, and statistics.[26]
Affiliates[edit]
AAAS affiliates include 262 societies and academies of science, serving more than 10 million members, from the Acoustical Society of America to the Wildlife Society, as well as non-mainstream groups like the Parapsychological Association.[27]
The Council[edit]
The Council is composed of the members of the Board of Directors, the retiring section chairmen, elected delegates and affiliated foreign council members. Among the elected delegates there are always at least two members from the National Academy of Sciences and one from each region of the country. The President of the AAAS serves as the Chairperson of the Council. Members serve the Council for a term of three years.
The council meets annually to discuss matters of importance to the AAAS. They have the power to review all activities of the Association, elect new fellows, adopt resolutions, propose amendments to the Association’s constitution and bylaws, create new scientific sections, and organize and aid local chapters of the AAAS. The Council recently has new additions to it from different sections which include many youngsters as well. John Kerry of Chicago is the youngest American in the council and Akhil Ennamsetty of India is the youngest foreign council member.
Board of directors[edit]
The board of directors is composed of a chairperson, the president, and the president-elect along with eight elected directors, the executive officer of the association and up to two additional directors appointed by elected officers. Members serve a four-year term except for directors appointed by elected officers, who serve three-year terms.
The current chairman is Gerald Fink, Margaret and Herman Sokol Professor at Whitehead Institute, MIT. Fink will serve in the post until the end of the 2016 AAAS Annual Meeting,[28] 15 February 2016.[29] (The chairperson is always the immediate past-president of AAAS.)
The board of directors has a variety of powers and responsibilities. It is charged with the administration of all association funds, publication of a budget, appointment of administrators, proposition of amendments, and determining the time and place of meetings of the national association. The board may also speak publicly on behalf of the association. The board must also regularly correspond with the council to discuss their actions.
AAAS Fellows[edit]
Further information: Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
The AAAS council elects every year, its members who are distinguished scientifically,[30] to the grade of fellow (FAAAS). Election to AAAS is an honor bestowed by their peers and elected fellows are presented with a certificate and rosette pin. To limit the effects and tolerance of sexual harassment in the sciences, starting 15 October 2018, a Fellow’s status can be revoked “in cases of proven scientific misconduct, serious breaches of professional ethics, or when the Fellow in the view of the AAAS otherwise no longer merits the status of Fellow.”[31]
Meetings[edit]
Formal meetings of the AAAS are numbered consecutively, starting with the first meeting in 1848. Meetings were not held 1861–1865 during the American Civil War, and also 1942–1943 during World War II. Since 1946, one meeting has occurred annually, now customarily in February.
Awards and fellowships[edit]
Each year, the AAAS gives out a number of honorary awards, most of which focus on science communication, journalism, and outreach – sometimes in partnership with other organizations. The awards recognize “scientists, journalists, and public servants for significant contributions to science and to the public’s understanding of science.”[32] The awards are presented each year at the association’s annual meeting.
The AAAS also offers a number of fellowship programs.[33]
Currently active awards include[edit]
- Award for Science and Diplomacy
- Early Career Award for Public Engagement with Science
- The Eppendorf & Science Prize for Neurobiology
- Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Children’s Science News
- Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Magazine
- Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Newspapers (< 100,000 daily circulation)
- Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Newspapers (> 100,000 daily circulation)
- Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Online
- Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Radio
- Kavli Science Journalism Awards – Television
- Leadership in Science Education Prize for High School Teachers
- Mani L. Bhaumik Award for Public Engagement with Science (previously AAAS Award for Public Understanding of Science and Technology, established 1987)
- Mentor Award
- Mentor Award for Lifetime Achievement
- Newcomb Cleveland Prize
- Philip Hauge Abelson Prize
- Public Engagement with Science Award
- Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award
- John McGovern Lecture
- William D. Carey Lecture
- Golden Goose Award
Publications[edit]
The society’s flagship publication is Science, a weekly interdisciplinary scientific journal. Other peer-reviewed journals published by the AAAS are Science Signaling, Science Translational Medicine, Science Immunology, Science Robotics and the interdisciplinary Science Advances.[34][35] They also publish the non-peer-reviewed Science & Diplomacy.
EurekAlert![edit]
In 1996,[36] AAAS launched the EurekAlert! website, an editorially independent, non-profit news release distribution service[37] covering all areas of science, medicine and technology.[38][39][40] EurekAlert! provides news in English, Spanish, French, German, Portuguese, Japanese,[41][39] and, from 2007, in Chinese.[42]
Working staff journalists and freelancers who meet eligibility guidelines can access the latest studies before publication and obtain embargoed information in compliance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulation Fair Disclosure policy.[43][44] By early 2018, more than 14,000 reporters from more than 90 countries have registered for free access to embargoed materials. More than 5,000 active public information officers from 2,300 universities, academic journals, government agencies, and medical centers are credentialed to provide new releases to reporters and the public through the system.[36][42][37]
In 1998, European science organizations countered Eurekalert! with a press release distribution service AlphaGalileo.[39]
EurekAlert! has fallen under criticism for lack of press release standards[45] and for generating churnalism.[46][47][48][49]
See also[edit]
- AAAS Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility
- British Association for the Advancement of Science
- EuroScience, the European equivalent of the AAAS
- National Postdoctoral Association
- National Science Foundation
- Renaissance, sculpture outside the AAAS headquarters.
- SAGE KE, Science of Aging Knowledge Environment, provided by AAAS
- Science‘s STKE, Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment, provided by AAAS
- United States National Academy of Sciences
References[edit]
- ^ “About AAAS”. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved July 27, 2016.
- ^ “About – AAAS MemberCentral”. membercentral.aaas.org. Retrieved June 30, 2016.
- ^ “150 Years of Advancing Science: A History of AAAS Origins: 1848–1899”. AAAS. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
- ^ Reingold, Nathan (1964). Science in Nineteenth-Century America: A Documentary History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-226-70947-5.
- ^ “1856 AAAS Constitution”. AAAS Archives & Records Center. AAAS. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
- ^ “The How and Why of Scientific Meetings”. Visionlearning. 2011. Retrieved July 28,2016.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Sep. 20, 2013”. The Writer’s Almanac. September 20, 2013. Retrieved July 28,2016.
- ^ “Lt. Matthew Fontaine Maury”. Naval Oceanographic Portal. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
- ^ “Articles of Incorporation of the American Association for the Advancement of Science”. AAAS. 1993. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
- ^ “‘Academic Freedom’ Bill Dangerous Distraction,” Alan I. Leshner, The Shreveport Times 28 May 2008
- ^ “Anti-science law threatens tech jobs of future,” Archived 2009-04-29 at the Wayback Machine Alan I. Leshner, The Times-Picayune 6 May 2008
- ^ “Design: Critical Deception?,” Alan I. Leshner, Akron Beacon-Journal 11 September 2006
- ^ “Science and Public Engagement,” Alan I. Leshner, The Chronicle of Higher Education, The Chronicle Review 13 October 2006
- ^ AAAS Board Statement on Climate Change http://www.aaas.org December 2006
- ^ “Satellite Images Verify Myanmar Forced Relocations, Mounting Military Presence”. ScienceMode. Archived from the original on February 26, 2008. Retrieved October 1,2007.
- ^ “AAAS – AAAS News Release – “AAAS Opens New Center for Science Diplomacy to “Promote International Understanding and Prosperity”””. http://www.aaas.org. Archived from the original on May 12, 2009. Retrieved June 1, 2009.
- ^ “Stalling science threatens every domain of modern life” Archived 2013-04-30 at the Wayback Machine Alan I. Leshner, Bradenton Herald 27 September 2012
- ^ Edward W. Lempinen (November 21, 2012). “Sequestration Budget Cuts Would Cripple U.S. Scientific Progress, Experts Warn”. AAAS.org.
- ^ “Federal and State Research Could Be Crippled by Looming Cuts, Says New AAAS Report” Earl Lane, AAAS 28 September 2012
- ^ “Committee on Sections”. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
- ^ About AAAS, AAAS.org
- ^ AAAS Annual Meeting Archives (dates) Archived 2010-05-06 at the Wayback Machine, AAAS.org
- ^ “Gerald R. Fink Chosen To Serve As AAAS President-Elect”, AAAS.org
- ^ Future AAAS Annual Meetings (dates) Archived 2011-04-18 at the Wayback Machine, AAAS.org
- ^ Rush D. Holt, AAAS.org
- ^ AAAS Sections Archived 2009-06-17 at the Wayback Machine, AAAS.org
- ^ list of affiliates starting with the letter P.
- ^ Board of Directors, AAAS.org
- ^ 2016 AAAS Annual Meeting Archived 2015-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, AAAS.org
- ^ “General Process”. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved November 27, 2018.
- ^ “Revocation Process”. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
- ^ “AAAS Awards”. AAAS.org. June 19, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2016.
- ^ [1]
- ^ McNutt, Marcia; Leshner, Alan I. (February 14, 2014). “Science Advances” (PDF). Science. 343 (6172): 709. doi:10.1126/science.1251654. PMID 24523283. S2CID 206555690.
- ^ “Science Journals”. American Association for the Advancement of Science. August 21, 2013. Retrieved June 18, 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “INSIDE EUREKALERT, THE NEWS HUB THAT SHAPES THE SCIENCE YOU READ”. Wired.com.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “Association of British Science Writers (ABSW)”. http://www.facebook.com. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
- ^ “2017 top science news release breaks EurekAlert!’s all-time record”. EurekAlert!. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
- ^ Jump up to:a b c Kiernan, Vincent (2006). Embargoed Science. University of Illinois Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0252030970.
- ^ Anagnostelis, Betsy; Cooke, Alison; Welsh, Sue (2004). Finding and Using Health and Medical Information on the Internet. Routledge. p. 73. ISBN 978-1135477424.
- ^ Hornig Priest, Susanna (2010). Encyclopedia of Science and Technology Communication, Volume 1. SAGE. p. 40. ISBN 9781412959209.
- ^ Jump up to:a b “EurekAlert! celebrates 20 years forefront science communication”. AAAS.org. AAAS.
- ^ Shipman, Matthew (2015). Handbook for Science Public Information Officers. University of Chicago Press. p. 44. ISBN 9780252030970.
- ^ Shipman, Matt (September 4, 2013). “Defining a Reporter: EurekAlert! and the Question of Access”. Science Communication Breakdown.
- ^ “It’s time for AAAS and EurekAlert! to crack down on misinformation in PR news releases”. HealthNewsReview.org. October 9, 2018. Retrieved March 10, 2019.
- ^ Yong, Ed (January 11, 2010). “Adapting to the new ecosystem of science journalism”. National Geographic Phenomena. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013.
- ^ Choi, Charles Q. (January 24, 2012). “From the Writer s Desk: The Dangers of Press Releases”. Scientific American Blog Network.
- ^ Shipman, Matt (April 16, 2014). “The News Release Is Dead, Long Live the News Release”. Science Communication Breakdown.
- ^ “Why science reporters were thrown for a loop this week”. Christian Science Monitor. September 16, 2016. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved February 12, 2018.
External links[edit]
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AAAS publishes six respected peer-reviewed journals. Science, the premier global science weekly; Science Signaling, the leading journal of cell signaling and regulatory biology; Science Translational Medicine, integrating medicine, engineering and science to promote human health; Science Advances, an innovative and high-quality open access journal for all the sciences; Science Immunology, research articles that report critical advances in all areas of immunological research, including important new tools and techniques; and Science Robotics, original, peer-reviewed, science- or engineering-based research articles that advance the field of robotics.
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Image: ARIA, JPL-Caltech, Earth Observatory of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, NASA Earth Applied Sciences Disasters Program. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2019)
SCIENCE ADVANCES
More than one million people worldwide suffer from pulmonary fibrosis, a deadly disease in which damage in the lungs creates scar tissue that interferes with the lungs’ function. While both environmental (e.g. cigarette smoking) and genetic factors contribute to the development of pulmonary fibrosis, the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease have proven difficult to understand. Due to the diverse cellular makeup of the lungs, single-cell technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) provide a promising platform for scientists to unravel the lungs’ cellular complexity and pinpoint key molecular and cellular changes. Habermann et al. performed scRNA-seq of single-cell suspensions from 20 lungs with pulmonary fibrosis and 10 control lungs without the disease, providing a high-resolution view of the changes that occur in lung cells with pulmonary fibrosis, including a shift in epithelial cell phenotypes. In another study, Adams et al. profiled 312,928 nuclei from 32 lungs with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), 28 smoker and non-smoker control lungs, and 18 lungs with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Both studies identified novel cell types/states including a population of abnormal profibrotic epithelial cells in lungs from patients with pulmonary fibrosis that simultaneously express epithelial, mesenchymal, aging, and developmental markers. [CREDIT: KROPSKI LAN, VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER]
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
Activating Acetylcholine Production. This month’s cover shows a section of mouse jejunum prepared seven days after infection with the helminth parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Hyperplasia of both yellow goblet cells (stained with the UEA-I lectin) and magenta tuft cells (expressing doublecortin-like kinase 1) is observed as part of the host immune response to this infection. Roberts et al. found that ILC2 synthesis and secretion of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine contributed to effective expulsion of the parasites. [CREDIT: NAVEEN PARMAR/NORWEGIAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY]
SCIENCE ROBOTICS
Untethered soft robots walk this way. Pneumatic soft robots typically require bulky electromechanical components, such as pumps and valves, to achieve legged locomotion. To simplify the design of untethered quadruped robots, Drotman et al. use fluidic circuits, rather than electronic circuits, to achieve programmable locomotion in their robot. Specifically, a bioinspired gait pattern is achieved using a soft ring oscillator that produces rhythmic motions analogous to biological central pattern generator neural circuits found in nature. This month’s cover is a photograph of a Drotman et al. legged soft robot (see also the Focus by Rajappan et al.).[CREDIT: DROTMAN ET AL./SCIENCE ROBOTICS]
SCIENCE SIGNALING
This week features a Research Article that demonstrates that systemic ROS signaling in response to localized light stress in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances stress tolerance throughout the plant and requires proteins that mediate the rapid enlargement of plasmodesmata pores. The image is an electron micrograph showing adjacent plant cells connected by an M-shaped plasmodesma, which crosses the cell walls and connects the cytoplasm of the two cells.
[Image: Fichman et al./Science Signaling]
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
Insights into Nephrotoxicity. This image shows a cross section of a three-dimensional polarized human kidney proximal tubule cyst (green, aquaporin-1; red, actin; blue, nuclear stain). Cohen et al. studied drug-induced nephrotoxicity using vascularized human kidney cell spheroids in vitro. Exposure to cyclosporine and cisplatin disrupted cell polarity and caused toxicity due to glucose accumulation, which could be counteracted by inhibiting glucose reabsorption. Better kidney function and reduced markers of kidney damage were seen in patients treated with cyclosporine or cisplatin and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition, demonstrating the utility of this kidney spheroid platform to investigate mechanisms of drug-induced toxicity. [CREDIT: YAAKOV NAHMIAS/THE HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM]
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LATEST NEWS
Canadian Nobelists warn country over innovation malaise By Paul Basken 5 MarchLondon Met creates £15 million fund to hire 80 minority staff By Anna McKie 5 MarchMIT Press to publish monographs open access from 2022 By Jack Grove 5 March
TOP STORIES
We can’t teach in a technological dystopia
The pandemic brought out the best in teaching staff in many universities. Yet countervailing forces are stamping out their creativity, warns Andy FarnellBy Andy Farnell 4 March
Social sciences’ lack of common truth criteria invite political attack 5 March
The government is the biggest threat to French academic freedom 5 March
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EVENTS
- THE Live US 30 March – 1 April 2021
THE CAMPUS
Workaholic academics need to stop taking pride in their burnoutBy Fleur Jongepier
NORTH AMERICA
Philosopher Martha Nussbaum wins 2021 Holberg Prize By Matthew Reisz 5 MarchCanadian Nobelists warn country over innovation malaise By Paul Basken 5 MarchMIT Press to publish monographs open access from 2022 By Jack Grove 5 MarchAlumni-led boards ‘key to US universities’ strength’ By Ellie Bothwell 3 March
EUROPE
Dutch research funder operations frozen for a month after hack By David Matthews 5 MarchLondon Met creates £15 million fund to hire 80 minority staff By Anna McKie 5 MarchThe government is the biggest threat to French academic freedom By William Barylo 5 MarchSocial sciences’ lack of common truth criteria invite political attack By Alexis Artaud de La Ferrière 5 March
ASIA
China steps up efforts to poach Nobelists, but will it pay off? By Jing Liu 4 MarchMany science courses ‘fail to improve critical thinking’ By Simon Baker 1 MarchSalaries the priority as India mulls role of new research funder By Joyce Lau 1 MarchLong-term reform debated as China prepares for more online tests By Jing Liu 28 February
AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND
Policy paucity ‘ruining Australian universities’ revival efforts’ By John Ross 4 MarchNerves fray as Australian enrolments remain uncertain By John Ross 3 MarchStudy urges transparency on ‘ghost’ enrolments By John Ross 2 MarchOff-the-shelf models of university free speech need local packaging By Carolyn Evans 2 March
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NEWS
Canadian Nobelists warn country over innovation malaise
Top scientists say Canada must provide more fulfilling careers for its science graduatesBy Paul Basken 5 MarchLondon Met creates £15 million fund to hire 80 minority staff
University pledges to embed critical race theory and ‘decolonial discourse’ in all disciplinesBy Anna McKie 5 MarchMIT Press to publish monographs open access from 2022
Historic in-house press at Massachusetts Institute of Technology asking libraries for participant fee to enable titles to become publicly availableBy Jack Grove 5 MarchDutch research funder operations frozen for a month after hack By David Matthews 5 MarchPhilosopher Martha Nussbaum wins 2021 Holberg Prize By Matthew Reisz 5 MarchOne-fifth of the world’s top universities led by women By Ellie Bothwell 5 MarchPolicy paucity ‘ruining Australian universities’ revival efforts’ By John Ross 4 MarchOxford faces questions as Naomi Wolf PhD stays under wraps By Jack Grove 4 MarchChina steps up efforts to poach Nobelists, but will it pay off? By Jing Liu 4 MarchUK universities ‘increasingly reliant’ on agents for EU enrolment By Ellie Bothwell 4 MarchCovid rules relaxed as launch day set for UK post-study work visa By Chris Havergal 4 MarchSusan Trumbore: carbon dating the Shroud of Turin convinced nobody By David Matthews 4 March
CORONAVIRUS
Sweden mulls law change to fight online hate against researchers
Academics and public health officials quit Covid-19 research or need police protection after attracting threats1 MarchLong-term reform debated as China prepares for more online tests
Postgraduate admissions assessments may have digital element despite falling number of Covid casesBy Jing Liu 28 FebruaryCovid’s drain on US academic science starts raising alarm
Toll on younger scientists highlights lack of research-specific pandemic aidBy Paul Basken 26 February
IN-DEPTH
France’s elite universities face campus sexual assault reckoning
Campaigners say tight-knit elitism, boozy initiation weeks and a lacklustre administrative response have led to a culture of silence in grandes écoles26 FebruaryHow academia shunned the science behind the Covid vaccine
Katalin Karikó’s struggle with mRNA gives universities mandate – if they want – to tackle persistent barriersBy Paul Basken 8 FebruaryOnline exams: is technology or authentic assessment the answer?
Academics debate how best to test students’ learning at a distance and reduce cheating: remote invigilation or exercises that ask students to apply their knowledgeBy Anna McKie 28 January
FEATURES
FeaturesBy Andy Farnell
We can’t teach in a technological dystopia
The pandemic brought out the best in teaching staff in many universities. Yet countervailing forces are stamping out their creativity, warns Andy Farnell4 MarchWill international recruitment survive Covid-19?
The pandemic has prompted dire predictions about international student enrolment at anglophone universities. But will those fears come to pass? Is there an alternative to standard international education? And how much do universities really spend on recruitment agents? Ellie Bothwell reportsMariana Mazzucato: ‘I was sick of just being told: “You make me happy”’
After her first book, The Entrepreneurial State, catapulted her into the academic stratosphere, the UCL economist has paused her audiences with senior politicians to write a follow-up that uses the Apollo moonshot as a model for a mission-based approach to social challenges
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OPINION
By Alexis Artaud de La Ferrière
Social sciences’ lack of common truth criteria invite political attack
Worries about Islamo-leftism in France and free speech in England reflect disciplines’ straddling of science and activism, says Alexis Artaud de La Ferrière5 MarchThe government is the biggest threat to French academic freedom
The crackdown on ‘Islamo-leftism’ is a purely political move to court right-wing votes in the coming election, says William BaryloDoes the disembodied Zoom class boost gender equality?
Teaching online renders women’s bodies invisible, but are their talking heads really judged on a par with men’s, asks Kate Eichhorn
Don’t underestimate what students have lost during the pandemicBy Bertus Jeronimus 4 March
The UK needs a German lesson in levelling up By Keith Ridgway 3 March
Leaving lectures behind makes sense for our university – here’s whyBy Guy Daly 3 March
Off-the-shelf models of university free speech need local packaging By Carolyn Evans 2 March
WORLD POLICY
The developing world needs more specialist universities
Pakistan’s labour shortages illustrate that well-rounded graduates also need to be properly prepared for specific industries, says Tahir Shah
EDITOR’S PICK
Another journal rejection? Put on your helmet
Knock-backs are frequent and unavoidable. But treating referees’ comments with a hard-headed pragmatism lessens the sting, says Adrian Furnham
THE NEWSROOM BLOG
International student mobility was the rock on which universities built their empire. With Covid turning prior certainties into unknowns, what now?
CAREERS
Feedback is everywhere in academia – but more feedback is needed
John McKendrick has recently concluded that we are letting down unsuccessful job applicants by not providing full and constructive feedback27 FebruaryCareers Clinic: what’s your top self-care tip for pandemic working?
THE’s Careers Clinic brings together the great and the good of higher education to answer a burning careers questionBrowse 6000+ global university jobs
BOOK REVIEWS
Book of the weekBy Catherine Rottenberg
The New Internationalists, by Sue Clayton
Catherine Rottenberg applauds a bold attempt to forge a politics of solidarity in response to humanitarian crisis4 MarchIs Free Speech Racist? , by Gavan Titley
Martin Myers applauds a bold attempt to re-examine one of the sacred cows of liberal societiesA History of the Church through its Buildings, by Allan Doig
James Stevens Curl has reservations about a broad overview of the development of Christianity through its architectureBooks interview: Alicia Walker
The sociology professor tells Matthew Reisz about her rural childhood, satisfying a hunger for the wider world through reading, and her (scholarly) interest in unfaithful menThe Hidden Spring: A Journey to the Source of Consciousness, by Mark Solms
Anil Seth has mixed feelings about an ambitious study of consciousness that draws extensively on psychoanalysis
SHELF LIFE
Books interview: Alicia Walker
The sociology professor tells Matthew Reisz about her rural childhood, satisfying a hunger for the wider world through reading, and her (scholarly) interest in unfaithful men
WHAT ARE YOU READING?
What are you reading? – March 2021
Our regular look over the shoulders of our scholar-reviewers
SUMMITS
- MENA Universities Summit 6 April – 8 April 2021IN PARTNERSHIP WITH
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- Asia Universities Summit 1 June – 3 June 2021Aichi, JapanCrossing boundaries, unlocking creativityTHE’s first summit in Japan will discover how the country’s spirit of innovation lives in research, education and collaborations with industry, and will feature the reveal of the THE Asia University Rankings 2021.EARLY BIRD DISCOUNTBOOK BY 30 APR 2021IN PARTNERSHIP WITHRANKING REVEAL
Innovation and Impact Summit seeks to build on Covid response
Sustainability in a post-pandemic world the focus of THE event held in partnership with Auckland and Penn StateTimes Higher Education rankings: 2021 schedule announced
Rankings portfolio will include new league table on the Arab WorldMore than 1,000 universities submit data for impact ranking
Russia leads on number of submissions but institutions across a record 98 territories take partWhat does the pandemic mean for university reputation?
Communications experts at leading universities say Covid-19 could be ‘make or break’ for institutions’ prestige
RANKINGS
One-fifth of the world’s top universities led by women
Number of female vice-chancellors at high-ranking institutions has reached new milestone based on THE World University Rankings data 5 MarchRomanian universities are becoming increasingly homogeneous
Higher education reforms promised differentiation, but a failure to implement bold changes and a lack of desire for innovation are resulting in the opposite trend, says Liviu AndreescuAccess all our rankingsTHE Emerging Economies University Rankings 2021: methodology
The Emerging Economies University Rankings 2021 focus on a unique group of institutions. To ensure that they are judged properly, we adjust the performance indicators in our World University RankingsAccess all our rankingsTimes Higher Education rankings: 2021 schedule announced
Rankings portfolio will include new league table on the Arab WorldAccess all our rankingsMore than 1,000 universities submit data for impact ranking
Russia leads on number of submissions but institutions across a record 98 territories take partAccess all our rankingsTHE to launch new Arab University Rankings
Methodology will be based on framework of World University Rankings, but include some bespoke elementsAccess all our rankingsDutch universities ‘have strongest global reputations’
THE analysis finds that UK and Canadian systems are also among most prestigious, while Australian universities are losing international statureAccess all our rankings
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Times Higher Education rankings: 2021 schedule announced
Rankings portfolio will include new league table on the Arab WorldFebruary 25, 2021Ellie BothwellTwitter: @elliebothwell
Source: iStock
Times Higher Education has confirmed the schedule for its portfolio of university rankings for the 2021 calendar year.
After the publication of the 2021 list of the world’s most international universities on 28 January, the next release will be the Emerging Economies University Rankings, which will be launched at the Southern Africa Impact Forum on 9 March. Later that month, the Japan University Rankings will be launched on 25 March, and the results will provide a glimpse into how students in the country have found the experience of teaching and learning during the pandemic.
In April, we will publish the third edition of our Impact Rankings, which will include more than 1,200 universities across 98 countries/regions. The results will be revealed at the virtual Innovation & Impact Summit on 21 April.
June will see the release of the Asia University Rankings and the Young University Rankings. The former will be launched at our Asia Universities Summit on 2 June, while the latter will be revealed at the Young Universities Summit on 23 June.
The Latin America University Rankings will be published on 13 July. We will also be launching a new ranking for the Arab World in July – our first ranking on the region with a bespoke methodology. The full methodology for the inaugural Arab University Rankings will be announced in May.
Our World University Rankings 2021 will be released on 1 September at our flagship World Academic Summit, which will be on the theme ‘How powerful is place?’. This will be followed by the release of our 11 subject rankings tables.
In October, we will release the World Reputation Rankings at the Leadership & Management Summit. Our US College Rankings will be published in the autumn too, at a date to be confirmed.
Full 2021 rankings schedule (click on a ranking below to view the latest edition)
- 9 March – Emerging Economies University Rankings
- 25 March – Japan University Rankings
- 21 April – Impact Rankings
- 2 June – Asia University Rankings
- 23 June – Young University Rankings
- 13 July – Latin America University Rankings
- July – Arab University Rankings (date to be confirmed)
- 1 September – World University Rankings
- Autumn – World University Rankings: by subject (date to be confirmed)
- Autumn – US College Rankings (date to be confirmed)
- 26 October – World Reputation Rankings
ellie.bothwell@timeshighereducation.comRead more about: World University RankingsRankings
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If you like what you’re reading online, why not take advantage of our subscription and get unlimited access to all of Times Higher Education‘s content?
You’ll get full access to our website, print and digital editions.SubscribeClose
By using the THE website you agree to our use of cookies as described in our cookie policy.OKSkip to main contentTimes Higher Education
×
Close
Times Higher Education rankings: 2021 schedule announced
Rankings portfolio will include new league table on the Arab WorldFebruary 25, 2021Ellie BothwellTwitter: @elliebothwell
Source: iStock
Times Higher Education has confirmed the schedule for its portfolio of university rankings for the 2021 calendar year.
After the publication of the 2021 list of the world’s most international universities on 28 January, the next release will be the Emerging Economies University Rankings, which will be launched at the Southern Africa Impact Forum on 9 March. Later that month, the Japan University Rankings will be launched on 25 March, and the results will provide a glimpse into how students in the country have found the experience of teaching and learning during the pandemic.
In April, we will publish the third edition of our Impact Rankings, which will include more than 1,200 universities across 98 countries/regions. The results will be revealed at the virtual Innovation & Impact Summit on 21 April.
June will see the release of the Asia University Rankings and the Young University Rankings. The former will be launched at our Asia Universities Summit on 2 June, while the latter will be revealed at the Young Universities Summit on 23 June.
The Latin America University Rankings will be published on 13 July. We will also be launching a new ranking for the Arab World in July – our first ranking on the region with a bespoke methodology. The full methodology for the inaugural Arab University Rankings will be announced in May.
Our World University Rankings 2021 will be released on 1 September at our flagship World Academic Summit, which will be on the theme ‘How powerful is place?’. This will be followed by the release of our 11 subject rankings tables.
In October, we will release the World Reputation Rankings at the Leadership & Management Summit. Our US College Rankings will be published in the autumn too, at a date to be confirmed.
Full 2021 rankings schedule (click on a ranking below to view the latest edition)
- 9 March – Emerging Economies University Rankings
- 25 March – Japan University Rankings
- 21 April – Impact Rankings
- 2 June – Asia University Rankings
- 23 June – Young University Rankings
- 13 July – Latin America University Rankings
- July – Arab University Rankings (date to be confirmed)
- 1 September – World University Rankings
- Autumn – World University Rankings: by subject (date to be confirmed)
- Autumn – US College Rankings (date to be confirmed)
- 26 October – World Reputation Rankings
ellie.bothwell@timeshighereducation.comRead more about: World University RankingsRankings
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More than 1,000 universities submit data for impact rankingBy Ellie Bothwell 24 FebruaryTHE to launch new Arab University RankingsBy Ellie Bothwell 12 FebruaryTHE World University Rankings 2022: time to submit your dataBy Ellie Bothwell 22 JanuaryA new view of university reputationBy Duncan Ross 13 January
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More than 1,000 universities submit data for impact rankingBy Ellie Bothwell 24 FebruaryTHE to launch new Arab University RankingsBy Ellie Bothwell 12 FebruaryIndia Universities Forum: focus on local goals ‘and let rankings follow’ By Joyce Lau 11 FebruaryDutch universities ‘have strongest global reputations’ By Ellie Bothwell 28 January
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A new report from Western Union Business Solutions highlights the ways in which universities can continue their impressive response to the coronavirusPromoted by Western Union Business SolutionsSPONSORED
Productive new research about conception
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FEATURED JOBS
Senior Lecturer in Criminology and Psychology
ROYAL HOLLOWAY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON
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UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNIVERSITYSee all jobs
Uncertainty creates opportunities for young universities
A Huawei book launch and roundtable Q&A discussed how to negotiate disruption in a new era of technology and communicationsPromoted by HuaweiSPONSOREDClose
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If you like what you’re reading online, why not take advantage of our subscription and get unlimited access to all of Times Higher Education‘s content?
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https://science1984.com/2020/04/28/alfred-nobel-had-a-vision-of-a-better-world-he-believed-that-people-are-capable-of-helping-to-improve-society-through-knowledge-science-and-humanism-this-is-why-he-created-a-prize-that/
https://science1984.com/2019/02/16/science-technology-scientists-taught-an-algorithm-to-translate-thoughts-into-speech-february-13-2019-written-by-mae-rice/
https://science1984.com/2019/02/23/nature-thinking-imagination-video-image-internet-life-health-age-time/
https://science1984.com/2019/02/23/humanized-mouse-better-models-type-1-diabetes/
https://science1984.com/2019/02/23/gene-therapy-using-skin-transplantation-treats-obesity-diabetes-in-lab-mice/
https://science1984.com/2020/04/28/messages-i-received-last-year-from-professor-dr-braile-he-passed-away-in-this-year-by-linkedin-about-this-blog-more-specifically-about-my-dissertation-detailed-graphics-i-made-about-the-variation/
https://science1984.com/2020/04/29/33426/
https://science1984.com/2020/04/11/time-websites-information-respect-e-mails-reading-probability-energy-improvement-countries-mind-history-goals-longevity-analysis-work-money-price-cities-communica/
https://science1984.com/2020/04/11/novavax-to-develop-covid-19-vaccine-with-initial-4m-budget-from-cepi-engineered-virus-might-be-able-to-block-coronavirus-infections-mouse-study-shows-coronavirus-can-diet-help-liu-x/
https://science1984.com/2020/04/10/graphics-research-details-researches-issue-disease-time-health-humans-mice-longevity-history-countries-references-methodology-results-innovations-ideas-money-work/
https://science1984.com/2020/04/07/jogo-virtual-virtual-game/
https://science1984.com/2020/04/07/department-of-defense-usa-live-informations-e-mails-blog-reading-countries-time-person-people-history-internet/
https://science1984.com/2020/01/24/30625/
https://science1984.com/2020/01/24/30630/
https://science1984.com/2020/01/26/30769/
https://science1984.com/2020/01/26/30774/
https://science1984.com/2020/01/26/increase-in-heart-attack-risk-from-protein-rich-diet-high-protein-diets-increase-cardiovascular-risk-by-activating-macrophage-mtor-to-suppress-mitophagy-nature-metabolism-volume-2-pages-110/
https://science1984.com/2020/01/26/i-eu-computer-history-some-links-videos/
https://science1984.com/2020/01/31/30931/
https://science1984.com/2020/01/27/30825/
https://science1984.com/2020/01/27/facebook-message-for-mehello-rodrigo-cal-thanks-for-adding-me-to-your-network-we-are-going-to-organize-the-22nd-international-conference-on-advanced-nanoscience-and-nanotechnology-on-11/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/31099/
https://science1984.com/2020/01/31/30970/
https://science1984.com/2020/01/31/linkedin-2/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/first-proof-crispr-can-be-safe-in-cancer-therapy-published-feb-07-2020-by-mark-terry/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/4-must-read-microbiome-research-studies-from-2019-by-katherine-lawless-on-feb-7-2020-123000-pm/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/facebook-comment-about-my-blog-what-is-probability-what-is-thinking-the-science-behind-coincidence-what-is-time-a-simple-explanation-video-and-some-links/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/4-must-read-genomics-studies-from-2019/
https://science1984.com/2019/07/24/elon-musks-neuralink-sought-to-open-an-animal-testing-facility-in-san-francisco/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/31149/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/engineers-design-bionic-heart-for-testing-prosthetic-valves-other-cardiac-devices-device-made-of-heart-tissue-and-a-robotic-pumping-system-beats-like-the-real-thing-jennifer-chu/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/g-1-compound-could-be-used-to-fight-obesity-and-diabetes-studies-in-mice-have-shown-that-the-g-1-compound-reduces-obesity-and-the-effects-of-diabetes-by-burning-extra-calories-report-researchers/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/nlrp3-inflammasome-off-switch-reverses-effects-of-chronic-inflammation-research-into-age-related-chronic-inflammatory-disorders-has-identified-an-off-switch-on-th/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/links-images-and-videos/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/17/twitter-message-for-me-from-george-mensah-md-nhlbi_translate-official-twitter-account-of-the-director-nhlbis-center-for-translation-research-and-implementation-science-ctris-privacy-policy/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/31425/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/09/i-cannot-do-all-the-good-the-world-needs-but-the-world-needs-all-the-good-i-can-do/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/17/real-statistics-about-this-blog-in-this-year-and-in-the-past-year/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/22/ekgs-may-soon-screen-for-cardiomyopathy-thanks-to-ai-an-ai-based-approach-to-diagnostics-could-see-electrocardiograms-repurposed-to-screen-for-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy-in-the-not-so-distant-futu/
https://science1984.com/2020/02/22/chinas-xi-writes-thank-you-letter-to-bill-gates-for-virus-help/
https://science1984.com/2020/03/13/one-of-several-comments-about-this-blog-i-was-surfing-the-internet-for-information-and-came-across-your-blog-i-am-impressed-by-the-information-you-have-on-this-blog-it-shows-how-well-yo/
https://science1984.com/2020/04/02/ad5-ncov-is-a-genetically-engineered-vaccine-candidate-with-the-replication-defective-adenovirus-type-5-as-a-vector-to-express-the-spike-protein-of-the-novel-coronavirus-sars-cov-2/
https://science1984.com/2020/04/02/european-animal-research-association-mice-play-an-essential-role-in-both-vaccine-and-drug-development-for-covid-19-ordinary-mice-are-not-susceptible-to-the-disease-so-scientists-breed-genetica/
https://science1984.com/2020/03/27/eara-european-animal-research-association-supports-call-to-end-embargo-by-transport-providers-in-the-uk-and-us-on-animal-research-transplant-method-avoids-rejection-of-donor-leg-for-months-in-rats/
https://science1984.com/2020/03/27/images-link/
https://science1984.com/2020/03/27/32357/
https://science1984.com/2020/03/27/a-coronavirus-vaccine-could-be-the-first-that-outwits-nature-insights-from-nanomedicine-into-chloroquine-efficacy-against-covid-19-nature-nanotechnology-2020-opinion-commentary-fda-shouldn/
https://science1984.com/2020/03/19/instagram-live-yesterday-ontem-mark-elliot-zuckerberg-i-sent-messages-for-him-images-links-about-elliot-mark-zuckerberg-videos/
https://science1984.com/2020/03/19/editorial-20-march-2019-its-time-to-talk-about-ditching-statistical-significance-looking-beyond-a-much-used-and-abused-measure-would-make-science-harder-but-better-nature-567-283-201/
https://science1984.com/2020/03/19/nao-houve-diferenca-estatistica-significativa-e-agora-a-frase-nao-houve-diferenca-estatistica-significativa-soa-quase-como-uma-sentenca-de-morte-para-muitos-alunos-de-g/
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https://science1984.com/2019/11/29/my-monograph/
https://science1984.com/2020/03/19/us-just-started-the-first-human-trial-of-a-vaccine-for-the-new-coronavirus/
https://science1984.com/2019/11/28/links-of-my-dissertation-the-influence-of-physical-activity-in-the-progression-of-experimental-lung-cancer-in-mice-and-monograph-induction-of-benzonidazole-resistance-in-human-isolates-of-trypanoso/
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https://science1984.com/2020/03/13/internet-2/
https://science1984.com/2019/08/03/24190/
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https://science1984.com/2020/03/07/coronavirus-and-the-2bn-race-to-find-a-vaccine-researchers-discover-new-stem-cells-that-can-generate-new-bone-after-90-years-scientists-reveal-the-structure-of-benzene-with-115-million-m/
https://science1984.com/2020/03/13/one-of-several-comments-about-this-blog-i-was-surfing-the-internet-for-information-and-came-across-your-blog-i-am-impressed-by-the-information-you-have-on-this-blog-it-shows-how-well-yo/
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https://science1984.com/2018/05/29/twitter-message-for-me-dubai-future-talks-https-twitter-com-futuretalks/
https://science1984.com/2018/05/29/twitter-message-for-me-invitation-to-participate-on-13th-international-conference-on-tissue-engineering-and-regenerative-medicine-which-is-scheduled-during-july-12-132018-at-paris-france-https/
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https://science1984.com/2018/05/28/twitter-message-for-me-research-i-did-about-lung-cancer-research-in-mice-my-dissertation-interest-in-publishing-the-research-http-www-archivesofmedicine-com/
https://science1984.com/2018/05/24/i-today/
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https://science1984.com/2018/05/12/my-twitter-message-invite-for-me-to-participate-on-27th-international-conference-on-nanomedicine-and-nanomaterials-october-18-19-2018-abu-dhabi-uae-theme-next-generation-delivery-vehicles-for-af/
https://science1984.com/2018/05/22/twitter-message-for-me-https-nanotechnology-annualcongress-com-facebook-notifications-for-me/
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https://science1984.com/2019/04/28/using-biologic-age-to-determine-cancer-treatment-in-older-adults-wolfgang-kelly-oncology-times-march-20-2019-volume-41-issue-6-p-14-doi-10-1097-01-cot-0000554501-53289-ea-news-copyright/
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https://science1984.com/2019/04/26/https-lnkd-in-ewx4kr6-facebook-message-for-me-i-read-your-content-and-i-would-like-to-say-its-so-amazing-i-mean-you-have-a-lot-of-skills-and-experience-in-your-r/
https://science1984.com/2019/04/26/21st-international-conference-on-advanced-materials-science-nano-technology-september-23-24-2019-dubai-uae-theme-advanced-materials-research-for-the-better-life-facebook-message-for-me/
https://science1984.com/2019/04/27/new-gene-therapy-could-slow-aging-in-humans-a-technique-shown-to-work-in-mice-uses-crispr-genome-editing-technology-by-paul-vogelzang-april-24-2019-https-www-nextavenue-org-new-gene-therapy-slo/
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https://science1984.com/2019/04/06/facebook-messages-for-me-dear-mr-rodrigo-cal-thank-you-very-much-for-your-message-and-the-information-about-your-research-it-is-very-important-information-in-xx/
https://science1984.com/2019/04/01/working-on-crispr-cas9-gene-knock-in-use-the-purest-single-stranded-dna-on-the-market-for-the-best-knock-in-efficiency-and-accuracy-single-stranded-dna-synthesis-service-new-single-stranded-dna-s/
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https://science1984.com/2019/05/04/invitation-for-me-from-my-twitter-follower-molecular-biology-congress-molebiocongress-to-participate-in-a-very-important-event-to-the-world-hi-rodrigo-have-a-good-dayi-am-g/
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https://science1984.com/2019/05/08/21809/
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https://science1984.com/2019/05/04/md-anderson-cancer-center-%e2%80%8fmdandersonnews-an-accurate-prostatecancer-diagnosis-led-kelly-andersen-to-a-life-saving-surgery-after-being-told-it-wasnt-an-option-by-his-local-doctor-h/
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https://science1984.com/2019/11/09/about-my-linkedin-account-positive-feedbacks-about-the-messages-i-sent-to-my-linkedin-contacts-and-by-facebook-direct-message-internet-images/
https://science1984.com/2020/04/
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https://science1984.com/2018/11/28/facebook-messages-for-me-about-the-informations-i-informed-a-time-ago/
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https://science1984.com/2018/11/28/wageningen-university-research-wur-message-for-me-by-facebook-about-informations-i-informed-a-time-ago-hello-rodrigo-what-you-are-doing-sounds-very-interesting-is-there-something/
https://science1984.com/2018/11/28/uw-madison-integrated-program-in-biochemistry-uwmadisonipib-sent-message-for-me-about-informations-i-informed-by-facebook-thanks-for-passing-along-rodrigo-great-work/
https://science1984.com/2018/11/27/the-graphics-i-did-about-variations-of-all-mice-weights-during-all-experimental-time-are-not-in-my-dissertation-and-in-the-scientific-article-about-it-the-influence-of-physical-activity-in-the-progre/
https://science1984.com/2018/11/27/jeroen-j-bax-conexao-de-1o-grau1o-immediate-past-president-european-society-cardiology-amsterdam-north-holland-province-netherlands-linkedin-message-for-me-about-the-informations-i-sent-you/
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https://science1984.com/2018/11/26/hello-dr-rodrigo-cal-glad-to-meet-you-you-are-such-a-great-researcher-in-the-field-of-technology-with-immense-pleasure-i-would-like-to-invite-you-as-a/
https://science1984.com/2018/11/26/utrecht-university-utrechtuniversity-dear-rodrigo-thank-you-for-your-message-we-do-not-share-your-message-but-you-can-post-a-facebook-message-on-our-facebook-page-yourself-here-you-will-fin/
https://science1984.com/2018/11/26/hello-rodrigo-this-is-the-page-of-esn-international-headquarters-unfortunately-we-are-not-able-to-share-this-type-of-content-on-our-facebook-page-but-thank-you-for-your-int/
https://science1984.com/2018/11/25/a-50-genetic-test-can-tell-how-likely-you-are-to-have-a-heart-attack/
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https://science1984.com/2018/11/15/thank-you-for-providing-us-the-link-it-seems-informative-we-are-hosting-2nd-international-conference-on-pathology-and-case-reports-during-may-13-142019-at-kuala-lumpur-malaysia/
https://science1984.com/2018/11/13/13110/
https://science1984.com/2018/11/13/genome-wide-screening-for-functional-long-noncoding-rnas-in-human-cells-by-cas9-targeting-of-splice-sites/
https://science1984.com/2018/11/15/facebook-friend-request/
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https://science1984.com/2018/11/11/today-hoje-i-eu/
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https://science1984.com/2018/11/10/about-my-new-linkedin-contact-georges-el-fakhri-conexao-de-1o-grau1o-director-gordon-center-for-medical-imaging-mass-general-hospital-professor-of-radiology-harvard-medical-school-grande-bos/
https://science1984.com/2019/07/28/connectivity-the-man-turning-china-into-a-quantum-superpower-jian-wei-pan-chinas-father-of-quantum-is-masterminding-its-drive-for-global-leadership-in-technologies-that/
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https://science1984.com/2018/11/05/this-new-supercomputer-is-now-the-worlds-fastest-brain-mimicking-machine-_%c2%a8-spinnaker-can-simulate-more-neurons-in-real-time-than-any-other-computer-on-earth-website-links/
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https://science1984.com/2019/07/28/microsoft-invests-1-billion-in-openai-to-pursue-holy-grail-of-artificial-intelligence-building-artificial-general-intelligence-is-openais-ambitious-goal-by-james-vincent-jul-22-2019-10/
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https://science1984.com/2018/11/04/synthesis-of-nickel-nanowires-with-tunable-characteristics-nanostructures-nanowires-other-captivating-applications-of-nanotechnology-http-nanoscience-alliedacademies-com/
https://science1984.com/2018/11/04/human-brain-supercomputer-with-1-million-processors-switched-on-for-first-time/
https://science1984.com/2018/11/03/the-human-expectancy-of-life-needs-to-increase-so-much-faster-with-more-efficient-researches-time/
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https://science1984.com/2018/11/02/positive-feedback-about-the-graphics-i-did-related-to-variations-of-all-mice-weights-during-all-experimental-time-my-dissertation-nan-e-nelson-md-mba-author-conexao-de-1o-grau1o-psychiatrist/
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https://science1984.com/2019/02/16/some-events/
https://science1984.com/2019/02/16/nick-curzen-nickcurzen-professor-of-interventional-cardiology-consultant-cardiogist-southampton-england-participa-desde-dezembro-de-2018-twitter-time-country-internet-health-thinking/
https://science1984.com/2019/02/16/stop-being-afraid-of-what-could-go-wrong-and-start-being-excited-about-what-could-be-right/
https://science1984.wordpress.com/i-did-very-interesting-innovative-important-and-detailed-graphics-about-variations-of-all-mice-weights-of-different-ages-during-all-experimental-time-of-my-dissertation-they/* I did very interesting, innovative, important and detailed graphics about variations of all mice weights of different ages during all experimental time of ´´my´´ dissertation. They´re available in this blog and are very important to the scientific community!! The diffusion of relevant knowledge is always essential for a country progress. New scientific discoveries need to emerge urgently !! @ Images, Texts, Links, Videos and Websites
https://science1984.wordpress.com/2020/03/19/editorial-20-march-2019-its-time-to-talk-about-ditching-statistical-significance-looking-beyond-a-much-used-and-abused-measure-would-make-science-harder-but-better-nature-567-283-201/ Links about ´´My´´ Dissertation, ´´My´´ Monograph And Animal Models for Human Diseases like Cardiovascular Diseases @ EDITORIAL – 20 MARCH 2019 – ´´It’s time to talk about ditching statistical significance – Looking beyond a much used and abused measure would make science harder, but better.´´É hora de falar sobre a redução da significância estatística – Olhar além de uma medida muito usada e abusada tornaria a ciência mais difícil, mas melhor.´´ Nature 567, 283 (2019) doi: 10.1038/d41586-019-00874-8 @ Comments by Facebook about this Blog & Comments I did Today in Facebook Lives @ WHAT DOES STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT MEAN? by Jeff Sauro, PhD | October 21, 2014 ´´If researchers do discard statistical significance, what should they do instead? They can start by educating themselves about statistical misconceptions. Most important will be the courage to consider uncertainty from multiple angles in every study.´´ @ WORLD’S FASTEST SUPERCOMPUTER FINDS 77 POTENTIAL COVID-19 TREATMENTS – IT’S NOT A CURE, BUT IT’S A STEP IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION. @ Confirmed Coronavirus Cases Are Growing Faster In The United States Than Any Other Country In The World @ AUGMENTING YOUR IMMUNITY: FIGHTING COVID-19 @ Wikipedia Links about Disease, Science, Research and Statistics @ OTHER VERY IMPORTANT INFORMATION OF THE WORLD, LIKE LINKS, WEBSITES AND IMAGES
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https://science1984.com/2018/12/17/twitter-nasa-time/
https://science1984.com/2018/12/16/14873/
https://science1984.com/2018/12/15/medicinal-electrosynthesis-a-new-approach-to-drug-design/
https://science1984.com/2018/12/15/my-new-twitter-followers-nobel-prize-video-internet-image-photo-time/https://science1984.com/2018/12/14/about-my-linkedin-contact-morgan-manfjard-conexao-de-1o-grau1o-managing-partner-co-founder-boras-suecia/
https://science1984.com/2018/12/14/14613/
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